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Microsoft Windows operating systems.
History of Microsoft's Windows operating systems (Windows OS) from 1985 to present day..
The Windows
operating systems (WindowsOS) are more formally called Microsoft Windows and is a
family of operating systems for personal
computers. Windows dominates the personal computer world, running, by some
estimates, more than 90 percent of all personal computers – the remainder running Linux and Mac operating systems.
Windows provides a graphical user interface (GUI),
virtual memory management, multitasking, and support for many peripheral
devices. In addition to Windows OS for personal computers, Microsoft also
offers operating systems for servers and personal mobile devices.
The following image indicates the total market share of
all desktop operating systems (November, 2017). read more
Type of Windows OS
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MS-DOS
·
Windows 1.0 - 2.0
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Windows 3.0 – 3.1
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Windows 95
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Windows 98
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Windows ME - Millennium Edition
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Windows NT 31. - 4.0
·
Windows 2000
·
Windows XP
·
Windows Vista
·
Windows 7
·
Windows 8
·
Windows 10
·
Windows Server
·
Windows Home Server
·
Windows CE
·
Windows Mobile
·
Windows Phone 7-10
MicrosoftWindows Operating Systems for PCs
MS-DOS- Microsoft Disk Operating System (1981)
Originally developed by Microsoft for IBM, MS-DOS was the standard operating system for IBM-compatible personal computers. The initial versions
of DOS were very simple and resembled another operating system called CP/M. Subsequent versions have become increasingly
sophisticated as they incorporated features of minicomputer operating systems.
Windows 1.0 – 2.0 (1985-1992)
Introduced in 1985, Microsoft Windows 1.0 was
named due to the computing boxes, or "windows" that represented a fundamental aspect of
the operating system. Instead of typing MS-DOS commands,
windows 1.0 allowed users to point and click to access the windows.
In 1987 Microsoft released Windows 2.0, which was
designed for the designed for the Intel 286 processor. This version added
desktop icons, keyboard shortcuts and improved graphics support.
Windows 3.0 – 3.1 (1990–1994)
Windows 3.0 was released in May, 1900 offering better icons, performance and advanced graphics with 16 colors
designed for Intel 386 processors. This version is the first release that
provides the standard "look and feel" of Microsoft Windows for many
years to come. Windows 3.0 included Program Manager, File Manager and Print
Manager and games (Hearts, Minesweeper and Solitaire). Microsoft released
Windows 3.1 in 1992.
Windows 95 (August 1995)
Windows 95 was released in1995 and was a major upgrade to the Windows operating system. This OS was a significant advancement over its precursor, Windows 3.1. In addition to sporting a new user interface, Windows 95 also includes a number of important internal improvements. Perhaps most important, it supports 32-bit applications, which means that applications written specifically for this operating system should run much faster.
Although Windows 95 can run older Windows and DOS
applications, it has essentially removed DOS as the underlying platform. This
has meant removal of many of the old DOS limitations, such as 640K of main
memory and 8-character filenames. Other important features in this operating
system are the ability to automatically detect and configure installed hardware
(plug and play).
Windows 98 (June 1998)
Windows 98 offers support for
a number of new technologies, including FAT32, AGP, MMX, USB, DVD, and ACPI.
Its most visible feature, though, is the Active Desktop, which integrates the
Web browser (Internet Explorer) with the operating system. From the user's
point of view, there is no difference between accessing a document residing
locally on the user's hard disk or on a Web server halfway around the world.
Windows ME - Millennium Edition (September2000)
The Windows Millennium Edition, called "Windows
Me" was an update to the Windows 98 core and included some features of the
Windows 2000 operating system. This version also removed the "boot
in DOS" option.
Windows NT 31. - 4.0 (1993-1996)
A version of the Windows operating system. Windows NT
(New Technology) is a 32-bit operating system that supports preemptive
multitasking. There are actually two versions of Windows NT: Windows NT Server,
designed to act as a server in networks, and Windows NT Workstation for
stand-alone or client workstations.
Windows 2000 (February 2000)
Often abbreviated as "W2K," Windows 2000 is an operating system for business
desktop and laptop systems to run software applications, connect to Internet
and intranet sites, and access files, printers, and network resources.
Microsoft released four versions of Windows 2000: Professional (for business desktop
and laptop systems), Server (both a Web server and an office server), Advanced
Server (for line-of-business applications) and Datacenter Server (for
high-traffic computer networks).
WindowsXP (October 2001)
Windows XP was released in
2001. Along with a redesigned look and feel to the user interface, the new
operating system is built on the Windows 2000 kernel, giving the user a more
stable and reliable environment than previous versions of Windows. Windows XP
comes in two versions, Home and Professional. Microsoft focused on
mobility for both editions, including plug and play features for connecting to
wireless networks. The operating system also utilizes the 802.11x wireless security standard. Windows XP is
one of Microsoft's best-selling products.
Windows Vista (November 2006)
Windows Vista offered an advancement in
reliability, security, ease of deployment, performance and manageability over
Windows XP. New in this version was capabilities to detect hardware problems
before they occur, security features to protect against the latest generation
of threats, faster start-up time and low power consumption of the new sleep
state. In many cases, Windows Vista is noticeably more responsive than Windows
XP on identical hardware. Windows Vista simplifies and centralizes desktop
configuration management, reducing the cost of keeping systems updated.
Windows 7 (October, 2009)
Windows 7 was released by
Microsoft on October 22, 2009 as the latest in the 25-year-old line of Windows
operating systems and as the successor to Windows Vista (which itself had
followed Windows XP). Windows 7 was released in conjunction with Windows Server
2008 R2, Windows 7's server counterpart. Enhancements and new features in
Windows 7 include multi-touch support, Internet Explorer 8, improved
performance and start-up time, Aero Snap, Aero Shake, support for virtual hard
disks, a new and improved Windows Media Center, and improved security.
Windows 8
Windows 8 was released on
August. 1, 2012 and is a completely redesigned operating system that's been
developed from the ground up with touchscreen use in mind as well as
near-instant-on capabilities that enable a Windows 8 PC to load and start up in
a matter of seconds rather than in minutes.
Windows 8 will replace the more traditional Microsoft
Windows OS look and feel with a new "Metro" design system interface
that first debuted in the Windows Phone 7 mobile operating system. The Metro
user interface primarily consists of a "Start screen" made up of
"Live Tiles," which are links to applications and features that are
dynamic and update in real time. Windows 8 supports both x86 PCs and ARM
processors.
Windows 10
Windows 10 is Microsoft's
Windows successor to Windows 8. Windows 10 debuted on July 29, 2015, following
a "technical preview" beta release of the new operating system that
arrived in Fall 2014 and a "consumer preview" beta in early 2015.
Microsoft claims Windows 10 features fast start up and resume, built-in
security and the return of the Start Menu in an expanded form. This version of
Windows will also feature Microsoft Edge, Microsoft's new browser. Any
qualified device (such as tablets, PCs, smartphones and Xbox consoles) can
upgrade to Windows 10, including those with pirated copies of Windows.
Microsoft Operating Systems for Servers and
Mobile Devices
Aside from operating systems designed for use on personal
computers (PCs) and laptops, Microsoft has also developed operating systems for
services, handheld devices, and mobile phones.
Windows Server (March 2003)
Windows Server is a series of Microsoft server
operating systems. Windows servers are more powerful versions of their desktop
operating system counterparts and are designed to more efficiently handle
corporate networking, Internet/intranet hosting, databases, enterprise-scale
messaging and similar functions. The Windows Server name made its debut
with the release of Windows Server 2003 and continues with the current release,
Windows Server 2008 R2, which shares its codebase with Windows 7. Windows
Server 2008 R2 debuted in October 2009.
Windows Home Server (January 2007)
Announced in January 2007, Windows Home Server (WHS) is a
"consumer server" designed to use with multiple computers connected
in the home. Home Server allows you to share files such as digital photos and
media files, and also allows you to automatically backup your home networked
computers. Through Windows Media Connect, Windows Home Server lets you share
any media located on your WHS with compatible devices.
Windows CE (November 2006)
A version of the Windows operating system designed for
small devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) (or Handheld PCs in
the Microsoft vernacular). The Windows CE graphical user interface (GUI) is
very similar to Windows 95 so devices running Windows CE should be easy to
operate for anyone familiar with Windows 95.
Windows Mobile (April 2000)
A mobile operating system for smartphones and mobile
devices from Microsoft based on the Windows CE kernel and designed to look and
operate similar to desktop versions of Microsoft Windows. Windows Mobile has largely been supplanted by
Windows Phone 7, although Microsoft did release, in 2011, Windows
Embedded Handheld 6.5, a mobile OS compatible with Windows Mobile 6.5 that's
designed for enterprise mobile and handheld computing devices.
Windows Phone (November2010)
A mobile operating system for smartphones and mobile devices that serves as the successor to Microsoft's initial mobile OS platform system, Windows Mobile. Unlike Windows Mobile, Windows Phone 7 (also referred to as WinPhone7) is targeted more to the consumer market than the enterprise market, and it replaces the more traditional Microsoft Windows OS look and feel with a new "Metro" design system user interface.Windows Phone 7 features a multi-tab Internet Explorer Mobile Web browser that uses a rendering engine based on Internet Explorer 9 as well Microsoft Office Mobile, a version of Microsoft Office that’s tailored for mobile devices. Its successors include Windows Phone 8 and Windows 10 Mobile.
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